See -ard on Wiktionary
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{
"args": {
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{
"text": "drunk + -ard → drunkard",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dull + -ard → dullard",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wise + -ard → wizard",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Someone who is in a specified condition (“pejorative agent suffix”)."
],
"id": "en--ard-en-suffix-nA23OUeV",
"tags": [
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],
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{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"word": "-ulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "-ulaĉo"
},
{
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"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
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},
{
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"lang": "Spanish",
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"word": "-ardo"
}
]
}
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}
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"-ard",
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{
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],
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"-ard appended to placenames to form nouns meaning “one who is of, from or related to a place”"
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],
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{
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"tags": [
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},
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{
"word": "-asse"
}
],
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{
"text": "clocher (“to wobble”) + -ard → clochard (“tramp, vagrant”)"
},
{
"text": "flemme (“laziness”) + -ard → flemmard (“idler”)"
},
{
"text": "soul (“drunk”) + -ard → soulard (“drunkard”)"
},
{
"text": "chauffeur (“driver”) + -ard → chauffard (“bad driver”)"
},
{
"text": "montagne (“mountain”) + -ard → montagnard (“mountain-dweller”)"
},
{
"text": "route (“road”) + -ard → routard (“backpacker”)"
}
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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],
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"Catalan suffixes",
"Catalan suffixes with red links in their headword lines",
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"glosses": [
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"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dull + -ard → dullard",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wise + -ard → wizard",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Someone who is in a specified condition (“pejorative agent suffix”)."
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"word": "-ulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "-ulaĉo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"word": "-ardo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
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}
],
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}
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"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ard"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*-hard",
"4": "",
"5": "hardy, bold"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*harduz",
"4": "",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kert-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kert-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French, from Old French -ard, -art, from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong”). More at English hard.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-arde",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "+"
},
"expansion": "-ard m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ards, feminine -arde)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable suffixes",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-asse"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "clocher (“to wobble”) + -ard → clochard (“tramp, vagrant”)"
},
{
"text": "flemme (“laziness”) + -ard → flemmard (“idler”)"
},
{
"text": "soul (“drunk”) + -ard → soulard (“drunkard”)"
},
{
"text": "chauffeur (“driver”) + -ard → chauffard (“bad driver”)"
},
{
"text": "montagne (“mountain”) + -ard → montagnard (“mountain-dweller”)"
},
{
"text": "route (“road”) + -ard → routard (“backpacker”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms pejoratives, diminutives, and nouns representing or belonging to a particular class or sort"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aʁ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal--ard.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR--ard.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR--ard.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR--ard.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00--ard.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00--ard.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00--ard.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick--ard.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--ard.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--ard.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ard"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ard"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ard"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ard",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*-hard"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *-hard",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French -ard, -art, from Frankish *-hard.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-arde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-art",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-erd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-erde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ord",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ard",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Forming pejorative agent nouns from other nouns; -ard."
],
"links": [
[
"-ard",
"-ard#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ard/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-art/"
}
],
"word": "-ard"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ard meaning in All languages combined (10.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ard"
],
"section": "Catalan",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ard",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ard"
],
"section": "Catalan",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ard",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ard"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ard",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.